Oleander (Nerium oleander) is a striking evergreen shrub known for its beautiful, fragrant flowers. Native to North Africa, the eastern Mediterranean, and Southeast Asia, it has been widely cultivated in subtropical and tropical regions around the world. Oleander’s flowers bloom in a range of colors including white, pink, red, and yellow.
Despite its beauty, oleander is one of the most toxic commonly grown garden plants. All parts of the plant are poisonous if ingested, containing compounds that can affect the heart, gastrointestinal system, and nervous system. This makes handling and care particularly important, especially in households with children or pets.
The allure of the oleander plant, however, is undeniable. With proper care and precautions, it can thrive both indoors and outdoors, and its long-lasting blooms can add a splash of color to gardens and homes. It’s a popular choice for borders, hedges, and as a standalone ornamental plant.
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Common Names | Oleander |
| Botanical Name | Nerium oleander |
| Family | Apocynaceae |
| Plant Type | Evergreen Shrub |
| Mature Size | 8-12 feet tall and wide |
| Sun Exposure | Full Sun |
| Soil Type | Well-drained, sandy soil |
| Hardiness Zones | 8-10 |
| Native Area | North Africa, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia |
Oleander Care
Caring for oleander is fairly straightforward, as it’s quite a hardy plant. It thrives in full sun and prefers well-drained soil. Though it can tolerate drought, regular watering during the growing season will encourage lush growth and prolific flowering. Care must be taken when handling the plant, as all parts are toxic. Wearing gloves and washing hands after contact are recommended.
Oleander benefits from regular pruning to maintain its shape and encourage new growth. This is best done in late winter or early spring. Fertilizing can be done a few times during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer to promote blooming.
Light Requirement for Oleander
Oleander thrives in full sun and will produce the most abundant flowers when exposed to at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. While it can tolerate some partial shade, this may result in fewer flowers and leggier growth.
Soil Requirements for Oleander
Oleander prefers well-drained, sandy soil but is quite adaptable to different soil types, including alkaline and salty soils. Good drainage is key to preventing root rot, a common issue with this plant.
Water Requirements for Oleander
Oleander is drought-tolerant once established but benefits from regular watering during the growing season. Water deeply and allow the soil to dry out between watering. Avoid over-watering as this can lead to root rot.
Temperature and Humidity
Oleander is best suited for warm climates and is not frost-tolerant. It prefers temperatures between 60-75°F but can tolerate higher heat. While it does not have specific humidity requirements, it is tolerant of coastal conditions.
Fertilizer
Feed oleander with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring and again in midsummer to promote blooming. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
Pruning Oleander
Pruning is essential for maintaining the shape of the oleander and encouraging new growth. Cut back any dead or damaged branches and shape as desired in late winter or early spring. Always wear gloves and take proper precautions due to the plant’s toxicity.
Propagating Oleander
Oleander can be propagated from cuttings taken in spring or summer. Use a sharp, clean tool to take a cutting and allow it to dry for a few hours before planting in well-draining soil. Rooting hormone can aid in successful propagation.
How To Grow Oleander From Seed
Growing oleander from seed can be a rewarding yet slow process. Collect seeds from a mature plant or purchase them. Plant in well-draining soil and keep in a warm, bright location. Germination may take several weeks.
Common Pests & Plant Diseases
Aphids
Small insects that can be treated with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Scale
Hard-shelled insects that can be removed manually or treated with insecticides.
Common Problems With Oleander
Yellow Leaves
Often a sign of over-watering. Ensure proper drainage and avoid soggy soil.
Lack of Flowers
May be due to insufficient sunlight or over-fertilizing.
Root Rot
Typically a result of over-watering or poor drainage.
Pro Tips
- Always handle oleander with care, using gloves, due to its toxicity.
- Provide full sun for the most vibrant blooms.
- Prune in late winter to shape and promote new growth.
- Be mindful of water needs, avoiding over-watering.
- Utilize oleander as a striking hedge or border plant, keeping it out of reach of children and pets.
